What to pay when your employee travels away from home

What to pay when your employee travels away from home

Understanding the Rules of Subsistence Allowances for Travel Expenses

Travel is, once again, becoming part of the workplace. Since travel involves expenses, companies can either pay for accommodation and meals ( and reimburse incidental expenses) or pay the employee an allowance that covers all these expenses.

At Paymaster we regularly receive queries from our clients (either via email or our live website chat facility), to explain Subsistence Allowances. Based on these questions, the deemed rate and actual payment of expenses ( against submitted receipts) is the cause of much unhappiness.

It seems many employers consider processing travel-claim reimbursements (in excess of the deemed rate) as favouring the employee, even though this is tax deductible for the employer.

It seems SARS’s Subsistence Allowance document is the source of the confusion around this subject.

DEFINITIONS TO CLEAR THE CONFUSION

Allowance

  1. Allowance
    • An amount of money granted by the employer to the employee when business-related expenses are incurred ( without obligation for the employee to prove/account for these expenses to the employer). The amount of the allowance is based on the anticipated business-related expenses.
  2. Advance

    • An amount of money granted by an employer to an employee to incur business-related expenses on behalf of the employer, with an obligation on the employee to prove/account for the business-related expenditure to the employer. The amount for this advance is based on the anticipated business-related expenditure. The employer recovers the difference from the employee if actual expenses are less than the advance paid (or vice versa).
  3. Reimbursement

    • This occurs when an employee has incurred and paid for business-related expenses on behalf of the the employer, without receiving an allowance or advance. Therefore they are reimbursed the exact amount by the employer (after having proved and accounted for these expenses, to the employer).

ESTABLISH YOUR COMPANY’S POLICY

Regarding travel allowances:

What is in your contract of employment, and what is your company’s policy regarding Subsistence Allowances? This will shape the basis on which payment is made to the employee for their away-from-home work-related expenses. For example, does your company pay for hotels, meals (stipulating a maximum value), and incidental expenses? Be sure to clarify details, such as: do they consider parking costs as incidental expenses. And what is their policy on the purchase of cooldrinks and/or chocolates? Making this clear will avoid problems during the reimbursement process.

Here follows 2 examples of possible company policy clauses:

You will be required to spend some nights away from home. The company will pay for your accommodation (up to the value of Rxxxx,xx) and meals (up to the value of Rxx,xx). In addition, an allowance of R 161 (per night) will be paid to cover incidental costs (eg, chocolates, cooldrinks etc). No additional reimbursement claim-documents need to be completed.

Another possible policy clause may look like this:

You will be required to spend some nights away from home. The company will pay for your accommodation (up to the value of Rxxxx,xx) and meals ( up to the value of Rxx,xx). In addition, all receipts from any incidental expenses need to be submitted to the company. You will be reimbursed no later than 7 days after reimbursement claims are submitted.

WHAT THE LAW SAYS ABOUT SUBSISTENCE ALLOWANCE

  • A Subsistence Allowance is given to an employee in respect of incidental costs incurred when away from home, on company business, for at least one night (sunset to sunrise).
  • Where the employer pays for the hotel and meals, a Subsistence Allowance of R169 per night may be claimed (deemed rate).
  • Where the employer only pays for accommodation, the allowance is R548 per night (deemed rate). If breakfast is included in the rate, it is regarded as part of the accommodation rate.

HOW TO PAY A SUBSISTENCE ALLOWANCE

PLEASE note the following WARNING: a Subsistence Allowance WILL NOT form part of the employee’s remuneration package and should therefore be paid over and above their normal remuneration. And no employee’s tax should be deducted from this amount (even if it exceeds the deemed rate). This should be indicated on the IRP5, and SARS will make the required adjustments.

There are 2 ways to pay this allowance:

  1. Ask the employee for the expense slips, and reimburse them. This is not subject to the employee’s tax.
  2. Pay out the Subsistence Allowance as prescribed by SARS – no expense slips are required. This is not subject to employee tax UNLESS the amounts exceed the deemed rate. In that case, the employee will be taxed on the difference, unless receipts for the full amount are produced.

There is nothing to prevent the employer and employee from developing their own method to process claims for each trip. But to prevent an administrative nightmare, we suggest using the following payslip codes:

  • When the deemed (claimable) rate is exceeded, use the code 3704 (local) and code 3715 (international).
  • Where the deemed (claimable) rate is NOT exceeded, use code 3705 (local) and 3716 (international).

The employee can then complete the IRP5, and submit their annual return. Based on the IRP5, SARS can make the necessary adjustments.

(Please note: supporting documents for any expense claim must be archived for 5 years.)

FINAL QUESTION ON EXPENSES CLAIMS

What if my expense claims are less than the deemed rate, or if my company reimburses me less than the deemed rate?

Answer: On your annual return, you need to submit the details to SARS. They will then make the necessary adjustments to your return. The company cannot make any adjustments or give any tax relief (via the company payroll system) for any unclaimed or under claimed Subsistence Allowances.

Sources:

[1] Source: Juta’s Compendium of Tax Legislation (2014 Edition, Volume 2)

[2] Download the SARS guides here: https://www.sars.gov.za/tax-rates/employers/subsistence-allowances-and-advances/

https://www.hrmaster.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2024-2025-Subsistence-Travel-Allowances-External-Guide.pdf

[3] Download international deemed rates here: https://www.sars.gov.za/wp-content/uploads/Docs/PAYE/Tables/2024/PAYE-GEN-01-G03-A02-Subsistence-Allowance-Foreign-Travel-External-Annexure.pdf

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Travel allowance

How to tax a travel allowance – what are the rules.

Author: Ian Hurst — Managing Director, Paymaster Business Solutions

How to tax a travel allowance Travel Allowance

Is my travel allowance being taxed correctly is a question we are asked over and over.

Here is everything you need to know about travel allowances. (How much to tax, how much to reimburse, when not to tax and what codes to use). Read more…

Definition: Where an allowance or advance is based on the actual distance travelled for business purposes (that is excluding private use), the amount expended on business is deemed to be the actual distance travelled, multiplied by the prescribed rate per kilometre fixed by the Minister of Finance.

Prescribed rate per kilometer 2023

R 4.64 per kilometre; OR
• the determined rate (refer to the rate per kilometre schedule).

Leased vehicle

Where an employee, his / her spouse or child owns or leases a motor vehicle (whether directly or indirectly by virtue of an interest in a company, trust or otherwise) and such vehicle is left to the employer or associated institution in relation to the employer, the sum of the rental paid by the employer together with any expenditure in respect of the vehicle which was borne by the employer, is deemed to be a travel allowance. This deemed travel allowance must be declared as such and the employee will be entitled to claim expenses incurred for business travel as a deduction on assessment.

Note: The rental received by the employee must not be declared as rental income but as a travel allowance. Although the employee obtains the right of use of the vehicle from his / her employer, he/she is not subject to tax on the benefit arising from the private use of such motor vehicle.

Combination of travel and reimbursive allowance

Where a travel allowance is paid in addition to a reimbursive allowance or vice versa, both amounts will be combined on assessment. This combined allowance will be treated as a travel allowance.

The table hereunder shows in which circumstances a travel allowance is subject to employees’ tax and the relevant code under which it must be reflected on the IRP 5 certificate.

Scenario Must PAYE be deducted? Code
A fixed allowance is paid Yes 3701
Fuel and expenses paid by the employer (e.g. petrol, garage and maintenance cards). Yes 3701
Reimbursed at not more than the prescribed rate per kilometre and travels not more than 8 000 kilometres. No other travel allowance is received. No 3703
Reimbursed at not more than the prescribed rate per kilometre and travels not more than 8 000 kilometres. Receives a travel allowance or certain expenses are paid for by the employer. No (reimbursement)

Yes (fixed allowance)

3702/3701
Reimbursed at not more than the prescribed rate per kilometre and travels more than 8 000 kilometres. No other travel allowance is received No 3702
Reimbursed at not more than the prescribed rate per kilometre and travels more than 8 000 kilometres. Receives a travel allowance or certain expenses are paid for by the employer. NoYes (fixed allowance) 3702/3701
Reimbursed at a rate exceeding the prescribed rate per kilometre. No 3702

80% of the travel allowance paid to an employee is subject to the deduction of employees’ tax. Where the employer is satisfied that at least 80% of the use of the motor vehicle for a year of assessment will be for business purposes, then only 20% of the allowance is subject to the deduction of employees tax with effect from the 1 March.

An allowance or advance which is based on the actual distance travelled for business purposes (reimbursive travel), is not subject to employees’ tax but the unexpended portion may be subject to normal tax when the employee’s income tax assessment is finalised.

IRP5/IT3(a) detail

The total travel allowance (100%) must be reflected on the IRP 5 certificate under code 3701.

The employees’ tax deducted in respect of the travel allowance must be reflected as PAYE, even where the rest of the employee’s remuneration is only subject to SITE.

An allowance or advance which is based on the actual distance travelled for business purposes (reimbursive travel), is not subject to employees’ tax but the full amount must be reflected on the IRP 5:

  • under code 3703 where the reimbursive allowance does not exceed 8 000 kilometres AND the prescribed rate per kilometre AND no other compensation is paid to the employee.
  • under code 3702 where the reimbursive allowance exceeds 8 000 kilometres OR the prescribed rate per kilometre OR any other compensation is paid to the employee

Contact our help desk to see how Paymaster can benefit your company. Contact Paymaster at 021 712 7333 or Glen Coburn at 083 679 1311 or glen@paymaster.co.za

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